1Litchi/lychee (the fruit, Nephelium litchi), a sweet tropical fruit popular in East and Southeast Asia.
夏には茘枝（ライチ）をよく食べる。
I often eat lychees in summer.
市場に新鮮な茘枝が並んでいた。
Fresh lychees were lined up at the market.
2In some texts or dialectal uses, 茘枝 can be an abbreviation referring to certain plants such as bitter melon (Momordica charantia); usage is region- or context-dependent.
古い薬草書では茘枝が別の植物を指す例があるので注意が必要だ。
Be careful: old herbal books sometimes use 茘枝 to refer to other plants.
3A species of muricid gastropod (referred to in some contexts as 茘枝貝); a specialized biological usage.
海洋学の文献で茘枝貝についての記述を見つけた。
I found references to the lychee-shell (茘枝貝) in a marine biology paper.