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Japanese Grammar

Master Japanese grammar patterns organized by JLPT level.

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Browse by JLPT Level

Study grammar organized by proficiency level, from beginner to advanced.

JLPT N5

Beginner Essentials

21 grammar patterns

JLPT N4

Elementary Patterns

56 grammar patterns

JLPT N3

Intermediate Bridging

101 grammar patterns

JLPT N2

Upper Intermediate

136 grammar patterns

JLPT N1

Advanced Mastery

137 grammar patterns

Browse by Category

Find grammar by what it expresses — time, reason, comparison, and more.

Time

When things happen and temporal relationships

79 grammar patterns

Limitation

Restricting scope and setting boundaries

59 grammar patterns

Reason

Explaining why and expressing causes

41 grammar patterns

Degree

Extent, amount, and intensity

37 grammar patterns

Supposition

Guessing, hearsay, and conjecture

37 grammar patterns

Concession

Contrast, exceptions, and despite-clauses

36 grammar patterns

Comparison

Similarities, differences, and preferences

35 grammar patterns

Enumeration

Listing, examples, and alternatives

28 grammar patterns

Tendency

Habits, states, and general tendencies

28 grammar patterns

Topic

Presenting topics and framing statements

27 grammar patterns

Conditional

If-then conditions and hypotheticals

26 grammar patterns

Intention

Plans, decisions, and willingness

21 grammar patterns

Evaluation

Perspective, judgment, and standards

17 grammar patterns

Purpose

Goals, aims, and reasons for actions

12 grammar patterns

Emotion

Feelings, emphasis, and emotional expression

5 grammar patterns

Obligation

Duty, advice, and necessity

4 grammar patterns

Potential

Ability, difficulty, and feasibility

3 grammar patterns

Benefactive

Giving and receiving actions or favors

3 grammar patterns

Result

Outcomes, conclusions, and consequences

3 grammar patterns

Browse by Conjugation

Explore grammar grouped by verb conjugation type.

Nai-form

Negative forms and related expressions

42 grammar patterns

Ta-form

Past tense, experiences, and completed actions

38 grammar patterns

Te-form

Connecting actions, requests, and ongoing states

36 grammar patterns

Masu-form

Polite speech and formal conjugations

35 grammar patterns

Volitional

Suggestions, intentions, and invitations

7 grammar patterns

Conditional (ば)

If-then conditions using the ば form

4 grammar patterns

Potential

Expressing ability and possibility

2 grammar patterns

Passive

Receiving actions and indirect experiences

1 grammar pattern