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136 grammar patterns

Upper Intermediate

Complex patterns used in business and formal contexts.

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〜あげく

Time
>> after ~ing

〜あまり

Reason
>> so ~ that

あまりの〜に

Reason
>> due to extreme ~

〜ばかりか

Enumeration
>> not only ~ but also

〜ばかりに

Reason
>> just because of ~

〜ばかり

Tendency
>> getting worse ~

〜ぶる

Tendency
>> pretend to be ~

〜だけあって

Reason
>> as expected of ~

〜だけましだ

Comparison
>> at least ~

〜だけに

Reason
>> all the more because ~

〜どころか

Comparison
>> far from ~

〜どころではない

Degree
>> not the time for ~

〜得る / 〜得ない

Supposition
>> can ~ (possibility)

〜ふう

Tendency
>> in the manner of ~

〜気味

Tendency
>> a touch of ~

〜がたい

Tendency
>> hard to ~ (psychologically)

〜げ

Supposition
>> looks ~

〜反面

Comparison
>> on the other hand

〜ほかない

Limitation
>> no choice but to ~

〜以上

Reason
>> now that ~

〜一方で

ComparisonEnumeration
>> on the other hand at the same time

〜以来

Time
>> ever since ~

〜上

Topic
>> in terms of ~

〜くらいなら

Comparison
>> rather than ~

〜くせに

Concession
>> even though (blame) ~

〜きり

TimeLimitation
>> ever since ~ only ~

〜からいうと

Evaluation
>> judging from ~

〜からして

Evaluation
>> even from ~ judging from ~

〜からすると

Evaluation
>> judging from ~

〜かねない

Supposition
>> could result in ~

〜かねる

Potential
>> unable to ~

〜か〜ないかのうちに

Time
>> as soon as ~

〜かのよう

Comparison
>> as if ~

〜かと思うと

Time
>> no sooner than ~

〜限り

DegreeConditional
>> as much as possible as long as ~

〜からといって

Concession
>> just because ~

〜っこない

Supposition
>> definitely not ~

〜このかた

Time
>> ever since ~

〜甲斐

Reason
>> worth the effort

〜ことだ

Intention
>> should ~

〜のことだから

ReasonSupposition
>> knowing ~ (surely) ~

〜ことだろう

DegreeSupposition
>> how ~ !

〜ことだし

Reason
>> since (it's) ~

〜ことなく

Tendency
>> without doing ~

〜ことに

Emotion
>> to my (emotion) ~

〜ことになると

Topic
>> when it comes to ~

〜まい

IntentionSupposition
>> will not ~

〜まま

Tendency
>> according to ~

〜もかまわず

Concession
>> regardless of ~

〜もしない

Limitation
>> don't even ~

〜ものがある

Degree
>> there is something ~ about it

〜ものか

Supposition
>> as if ~!

ものだ

DegreeLimitation
>> really ~ should ~

〜ものだから

Reason
>> because ~

〜ものなら

Conditional
>> if only I could ~

〜ものの

Concession
>> although ~

〜もの

Reason
>> because ~

〜ながら

Concession
>> although ~

〜に限る

Limitation
>> limited to ~

〜につき

Reason
>> due to ~ (notice)

〜のもとで

EvaluationTime
>> under the ~ of

〜に応えて

Purpose
>> in response to ~

〜に越したことはない

Comparison
>> best if ~

〜に際して

Time
>> upon ~ (formal)

〜に限って

LimitationTime
>> definitely not ~ (trust) especially when ~

〜にもかかわらず

Concession
>> despite ~

〜に基づいて

Evaluation
>> based on ~

〜にともなって

TimeReason
>> as ~ / along with ~

〜につけて

Time
>> whenever ~

〜に沿って

Evaluation
>> along / according to ~

〜にすぎない

Limitation
>> merely ~

〜に相違ない

Supposition
>> without a doubt

〜にて

TimeReason
>> at ~

〜のみ

Limitation
>> only ~

〜のみならず

Enumeration
>> not only ~, but also ~

〜ないことには〜ない

Conditional
>> unless ~

〜ないことはない

Supposition
>> not that ~ isn't ~

〜ないで済む

Tendency
>> get by without ~ing

〜ないでもない

Supposition
>> not that ~ isn't ~

〜ないとも限らない

Supposition
>> not necessarily that ~ won't

〜にあたって

Time
>> upon ~ (formal)

に応じて

Evaluation
>> according to ~

〜に限らず

Enumeration
>> not limited to ~

〜に加えて

Enumeration
>> in addition to ~

〜に先立って

Time
>> prior to ~ (formal)

〜ぬく

Degree
>> to do ~ until the end

〜にほかならない

LimitationReason
>> nothing other than ~

〜ぬ

>> not ~

〜なんて

Topic
>> such a thing as ~

〜にしても

Concession
>> even if ~

〜にしても〜にしても

Enumeration
>> whether ~ or ~

にしたら

Topic
>> for ~ (perspective)

にしては

Evaluation
>> for ~ (unexpected)

〜折に

Time
>> on the occasion of ~

〜っぱなし

Tendency
>> leaving ~ as it is

〜っぽい

ComparisonTendency
>> ~ish (appearance) ~ish (quality) easily ~

〜そうにない

Supposition
>> unlikely to ~

〜末に

TimeReason
>> after much ~

〜次第

TimeConditional
>> as soon as ~ depends on ~

〜次第だ

Conditional
>> depends on ~

〜たものではない

Supposition
>> cannot possibly ~

〜てでも

Concession
>> even if it means ~

〜てまで

Concession
>> to such an extreme degree as; even to the point of

〜てみせる

Intention
>> will definitely; show (by doing)

〜てならない

Degree
>> cannot help but; extremely

〜てはいられない

Limitation
>> cannot afford to; cannot keep doing

〜といったら

DegreeTopic
>> ~ (beyond words) speaking of ~

〜といった

Enumeration
>> such as ~

〜というものではない

Limitation
>> not necessarily ~

〜とは

Topic
>> ~ means ~

〜とか

Supposition
>> i heard ~

〜ところだった

Time
>> almost ~

〜として〜ない

Limitation
>> not even one ~

〜となると

Conditional
>> if it comes to ~

〜つつ

Concession
>> although ~

〜つつある

Time
>> in the process of ~

〜上で

TimeTopic
>> after ~ in ~ing

〜上は

Conditional
>> now that ~

〜を除いて

Limitation
>> except for ~

〜はさておき

TopicLimitation
>> putting ~ aside

〜はともかく

TopicLimitation
>> regardless of ~

〜はまだしも

Comparison
>> ~ is okay, but...

〜はもとより

EnumerationLimitation
>> not to mention ~

〜を抜きにして

Limitation
>> leaving out ~

〜を契機に

ReasonTime
>> following ~

〜を頼りに

Limitation
>> relying on ~

〜を問わず

Limitation
>> regardless of ~

〜をはじめ

EnumerationLimitation
>> starting with ~

〜をめぐって

Topic
>> concerning ~

〜をもとに

Reason
>> based on ~

〜やら〜やら

Enumeration
>> ~ and ~ and so on

〜ようとしている

Time
>> about to ~

〜ようものなら

Conditional
>> if one were to ~

〜ずじまい

Concession
>> ended up not ~ing

〜ずにははいられない

Limitation
>> cannot help but ~

〜ざるを得ない

Limitation
>> have no choice but to ~