〜ことなく
Formation
Meaning
Expresses that an action is performed without doing something else, or that a state continues without change. It is a formal expression and sounds more literary than '〜ないで'.
Note
A formal and literary way of saying '〜ないで' (without doing) or '〜ずに'. It is used to describe an action that occurs without another expected action happening, or a state that remains constant without interruption. It is common in written texts, speeches, and formal announcements. It is often used to emphasize the persistence of an action (e.g., 'without resting', 'without stopping').
Examples
彼は一度も休むことなく、42キロを走りぬいた。
He finished running the 42 kilometers without resting even once.
彼女は迷うことなく、自分の信じる道を進んだ。
She moved forward on the path she believed in without any hesitation.
機械は24時間止まることなく、動き続けている。
The machine continues to operate for 24 hours without stopping.
彼は誰にも相談することなく、一人で決めてしまった。
He decided by himself without consulting anyone.
冬の間も、その木は葉を落とすことなく緑を保っている。
Even during winter, that tree remains green without losing its leaves.
事故は、誰一人傷つくことなく解決した。
The accident was resolved without anyone getting hurt.