A Buddhist term meaning this world or this life (one's present lifetime); can refer to the present world.
仏教では、今世の行いが来世に影響すると説かれることが多い。
In Buddhism, it is often taught that one's actions in this life affect the next life.
現世の苦しみを今世で背負うという考え方もある。
There is also the idea of bearing worldly suffering in this life.
An obsolete/literary sense meaning this generation or the present day; rarely used in modern speech.
今世の人々は昔と暮らし方が大きく違うと書かれている古文がある。
There are classical texts that say people of this generation live very differently than before.