1Indicates a value not exceeding a given number or limit ("... or less"); usually includes the boundary value itself.
小学生以下は入場無料です。
Admission is free for elementary school students and younger.
荷物は20キロ以下にしてください。
Please keep your baggage under 20 kilograms.
1000円以下のチケットは学割の対象です。
Tickets priced at 1,000 yen or less qualify for the student discount.
このアプリは12歳以下のお子様にはおすすめしません。
This app is not recommended for children aged 12 and under.
2Indicates being below a certain standard or level; used when a value falls short of a reference point.
検査結果が基準値以下だったので、再検査になった。
Because the test result was below the standard value, I had to be retested.
今年の売り上げは去年以下だった。
This year's sales were below last year's.
水位が警戒ライン以下まで下がった。
The water level dropped below the warning line.
3Used to introduce what comes next ("the following"); common in phrases like 以下のとおり ("as follows").
以下の手順に従って登録してください。
Please follow the steps below to register.
出席者は以下のとおりです。
The attendees are as follows.
契約書の以下の条項をご確認ください。
Please confirm the following clauses in the contract.
4Refers to a group as a whole, starting from a leading figure and including everyone under them (e.g., 社長以下 "the president and those below him").
社長以下、全社員が式典に参加した。
The president and all employees under him attended the ceremony.
監督以下、選手たちは真剣に練習に取り組んだ。
The coach and the players under him trained hard.