Indicates not exceeding a given number/amount/limit (… or less); often includes the boundary value.
小学生以下は入場無料です。
Children in elementary school or younger are admitted free.
荷物の重さは20kg以下にしてください。
Please make sure baggage weighs no more than 20 kg.
チケットは1000円以下なら割引対象です。
Tickets priced at 1000 yen or less are eligible for a discount.
Indicates being below a standard/level; used to say something is under or beneath a reference value.
検査結果は基準値以下だったため、再検査になった。
Because the test results were below the standard values, a retest was required.
水位が警戒ライン以下まで下がった。
The water level fell below the danger/warning line.
点数が合格点以下なら補習を受けてください。
If your score is at or below the passing mark, please attend make-up lessons.
Used to introduce what follows (the following; below-mentioned). Common in phrases like 'as follows' or 'the following.'
以下の手順に従って登録してください。
Please follow the steps below to register.
出席者は以下のとおりです。
The attendees are as follows.
契約書の以下の条項を確認してください。
Please check the following clauses in the contract.
Refers collectively to a group starting from a head or principal figure (e.g., 'the president and below'); used to include all members under someone.
社長以下、全員が会議に出席した。
The president and everyone under him attended the meeting.
店長以下のスタッフは明日の朝ミーティングがあります。
The manager and the staff under them have a meeting tomorrow morning.