All directions; everywhere (literally the eight directions), used to mean all sides or everywhere.
彼は八方に顔が利くので、色々な仕事を頼まれる。
He has connections everywhere, so he's asked to do many tasks.
八方から苦情が寄せられた。
Complaints came in from all directions.
問題を解決するために八方手を尽くした。
I tried everything possible from every angle to solve the problem.
A type of large hanging lantern (a historical/regional meaning; not common in everyday modern speech).
祭礼では八方行灯が飾られていた（八方と同義で用いられる場合）。
At the festival, large hanging lanterns (八方行灯) were displayed.