1Condition or state of something in general—how something is functioning or the situation (e.g., the condition of a machine, the state of affairs).
機械の具合を確認してから作業を始めてください。
Please check the condition of the machine before starting work.
天気の具合を見てから出発しよう。
Let's set off after checking how the weather is.
システムの具合が悪くて、ログインできない。
The system is acting up; I can't log in.
2Health or physical condition; used to describe how someone's health or body is feeling (e.g., 'to feel well' or 'to feel unwell').
昨夜から頭が痛いんですが、具合が悪いのかもしれません。
I've had a headache since last night; I might not be feeling well.
体の具合はどうですか？無理しないでくださいね。
How is your health? Don't push yourself.
具合が良くなったらまた連絡します。
I'll contact you again when I feel better.
3The way or manner something turns out or proceeds—often in compounds describing degree or result (e.g. how well-cooked something is, how congested something is).
その道具は使い具合が簡単で便利だ。
That tool is easy and convenient to use.
肉の焼き具合はミディアムでお願いします。
I'd like the meat cooked medium, please.
道の混み具合を見てから出発時間を決めよう。
Let's decide our departure time after checking how congested the roads are.
4Circumstance or luck—the particular way things happen to turn out.
運の具合で結果は変わることもある。
Results can sometimes change depending on luck/circumstance.
巡り合わせの具合で、彼と再会することになった。
As luck would have it, I ended up meeting him again.
5A largely archaic usage referring to propriety, dignity, or decency (e.g., an older use of 具合が悪い meaning 'improper' or 'unbecoming'). Rarely used in modern everyday Japanese, which favors the 'condition' or 'health' senses instead.