Surname or family name — the family name used in identification, registration, and addresses.
お名前と姓をフルネームで書いてください。
Please write your full name including your surname.
彼女は結婚して姓が変わった。
She got married and changed her surname.
書類には必ず姓と名の順で記入してください。
Always fill in documents in surname-first order.
A hereditary title used in ancient Japan (kabāne) denoting rank and political standing — a historical meaning distinct from modern surnames.
古代の氏姓制度では、姓は家柄や政治的地位を示した。
In the ancient clan-title system, the 'sei' indicated family lineage and political status.
歴史の授業で、姓・かばねの違いについて学んだ。
In history class, we learned about the difference between sei (姓) and kabāne.