1A position in a board game (go, shogi, etc.) — the current state or arrangement on the board.
その局面では黒が有利だとプロは判断した。
In that position the professional judged that Black was advantaged.
詰めろの局面で正しい手を見つけるのは難しい。
It's hard to find the correct move in a checkmate-threat position.
2A situation, stage, or aspect — used to describe a particular phase or facet of events or problems.
交渉は難しい局面に入った。
The negotiations have entered a difficult phase.
その問題は政治的な局面を迎えている。
That issue has reached a political stage.
新型ウイルスの流行は医療の局面を大きく変えた。
The outbreak of the new virus greatly changed the medical situation.