A throw or the act of throwing; in sports contexts it refers to pitching/throwing.
あの投手の投げはとても速い。
That pitcher's throws are very fast.
公園で石投げやボール投げをしてはいけない。
Don't throw stones or balls in the park.
彼の投げで試合の流れが変わった。
His throws changed the momentum of the game.
Resignation or giving up in games like go or shogi (colloquially called 'nage').
対局で相手が投げを選び、試合は終わった。
The opponent chose to resign in the match, and the game ended.
彼は困難を悟って早めに投げをした。
He realized the situation and resigned early.
In stock-market contexts, a sell-off or forced selling (selling at a loss), often called a 'shakeout'.
連日の投げで株価が急落した。
A series of sell-offs caused stock prices to plummet.
予期せぬニュースで投げが始まり、相場は荒れた。
An unexpected piece of news triggered sell-offs and the market became volatile.