to throw away; to discard — to get rid of something by throwing it out.
古い新聞をゴミ箱に捨てた。
I threw the old newspapers into the trash can.
ペットボトルは分別して捨ててください。
Please separate and dispose of plastic bottles properly.
もう使わないから、このカップを捨てよう。
I don't use this anymore, so let's throw this cup away.
to abandon; to desert; to leave behind — to give up or forsake someone or something.
彼は子どもを捨てて家を出て行った。
He abandoned his child and left home.
夢を捨てずに最後まで挑戦してほしい。
I want you to keep challenging yourself and not give up on your dreams.
to give up; to resign — to abandon an intention or plan.
彼は試験に失敗して大学進学を捨てた。
He failed the exam and gave up on going to university.
健康のために悪い癖を捨てる決心をした。
I decided to give up bad habits for my health.
in the game of go: to sacrifice stones (deliberately allow one's stones to be captured for strategic reasons).
この局面では角を捨てることで形を良くした。
In this position, sacrificing the corner stones improved the shape.
捨て石を使って相手の勢力を分断した。
I used sacrificial stones to split the opponent's influence.