Active duty or active service; being currently active in one's profession or role (e.g., military, athlete).
彼はまだ現役のサッカー選手だ。
He is still an active soccer player.
現役を続けながら指導するのは大変だ。
It's tough to continue active duty while also coaching.
彼女は現役の看護師として働いている。
She works as an active-duty nurse.
A student taking (university) entrance exams while still enrolled in school; also used to mean passing the entrance exam on the first attempt.
彼は現役で大学に合格した。
He passed the university exam while still a student (on his first try).
今年は現役の受験生が多い。
This year there are many students taking exams while still enrolled.
浪人せずに現役で合格するのは難しいこともある。
Passing as a current student without repeating a year can sometimes be difficult.