1to hear and make out spoken words or sounds; to understand what someone says (often used for listening comprehension).
英語の会話を聞き取るのは最初は難しいが、練習すれば慣れる。
At first it's hard to catch English conversations, but with practice you'll get used to it.
駅のアナウンスが聞き取れなかったので、乗り過ごしてしまった。
I couldn't make out the station announcement and missed my stop.
彼の早口は聞き取りにくい。
His rapid speech is hard to follow.
2to ask about or question someone to obtain information; to take someone's statement or hear out the facts of a situation.
警察は目撃者から事情を聞き取った。
The police took statements from witnesses.
記者が関係者から事件の経緯を聞き取った。
A reporter questioned those involved to learn the course of events.