1To carry a load or a person on one's back, such as wearing a backpack.
登山者たちは大きなリュックを背負って山道を登った。
The climbers hiked up the mountain trail carrying large backpacks.
母親は赤ちゃんを背負ったまま家事をしていた。
The mother was doing housework while carrying her baby on her back.
消防士は要救助者を背負って階段を降りた。
The firefighter carried the person to be rescued on his back down the stairs.
通学かばんを背負った子どもたちが並んで歩いている。
Children with their school bags on their backs are walking in a line.
2To take on a heavy responsibility, debt, or burden of blame.
彼は会社の借金を一人で背負うことになった。
He ended up shouldering the company's debt all on his own.
事故の責任を背負って、彼は辞職した。
Carrying the responsibility for the accident, he resigned.
若くしてチームを背負う立場になった。
While still young, he found himself in the position of carrying the whole team.
3To have something behind one, literally or figuratively — to be backed by a certain power, reputation, or setting.
その旅館は美しい山を背負う位置に建っている。
The inn is built in a location with a beautiful mountain behind it.
彼は大企業の看板を背負って交渉に臨んだ。
He entered the negotiation backed by the name of a major corporation.
4To act conceited or full of oneself, showing off beyond one's actual worth; used mainly in the colloquial form しょってる.
一度成功しただけなのに、あいつはしょってる。
He's only succeeded once, but he's so full of himself.
そんなにしょってると、そのうち痛い目に遭うよ。
If you keep acting that conceited, you're going to get burned eventually.