1To spend time; to pass the time; to live or lead (a life) a certain way.
週末は家でゆっくり過ごした。
I spent the weekend relaxing at home.
彼女は平和な日々を過ごしている。
She is leading a peaceful life.
留学中は忙しかったが、貴重な経験を過ごした。
I was busy while studying abroad, but I had a valuable time there.
どうぞ良い一日をお過ごしください。
Please have a good day.
時間を無駄に過ごさないように気をつけている。
I try not to waste my time.
2To overdo something, especially drinking too much alcohol — a somewhat old-fashioned or formal phrasing; modern casual speech usually uses 飲み過ぎる instead.
昨夜はつい過ごしてしまい、今朝は頭が痛い。
I ended up drinking too much last night, and this morning I have a headache.
接待の席で少し過ごしてしまったようです。
It seems I had a bit too much to drink at the business dinner.
3To take care of or support someone — a dated, literary usage rarely seen in modern Japanese.
長男である彼は、年老いた両親を過す務めを負っていた。
As the eldest son, he bore the duty of supporting his aging parents.
4A suffix attached to the -masu stem of a verb, forming compounds that mean 'to do something to excess' or 'to go beyond the intended time' (e.g., 寝過ごす).
うっかり寝過ごして始発に乗り遅れた。
I overslept and missed the first train.
彼は飲み過ごして終電を逃した。
He drank too much and missed the last train.
映画に夢中で降りる駅を寝過ごした。
I was so absorbed in the movie that I slept past my station.
5A suffix attached to the -masu stem indicating 'to let something go unattended' or 'to overlook without intervening' (e.g., 見過ごす = to overlook).
問題点を見過ごしてはならない。
You must not overlook the problems.
彼は部下のミスを見過ごすことが多い。
He often overlooks his subordinates' mistakes.
不正を見過ごすわけにはいかない。
We cannot ignore the wrongdoing.