1a person; someone; somebody — refers to a single individual without specifying gender, age, or identity.
あの人は誰ですか。
Who is that person?
電車の中で見知らぬ人に話しかけられた。
A stranger spoke to me on the train.
困っている人がいたら助けてあげてください。
If you see someone in trouble, please help them.
となりに座っている人が私の同僚です。
The person sitting next to me is my colleague.
2human beings; mankind; people — refers to humans collectively as a species, rather than to a single individual.
人は社会的な動物だと言われている。
It is said that humans are social animals.
戦争は多くの人を苦しめてきた。
War has caused suffering for many people throughout history.
技術の進歩で人の暮らしは大きく変わった。
Technological progress has greatly changed the way people live.
3the human species (Homo sapiens) viewed biologically; in scientific contexts typically written in katakana as ヒト.
ヒトのゲノムはすでに解読されている。
The human genome has already been decoded.
ヒトとチンパンジーは遺伝子レベルでとても近い。
Humans and chimpanzees are very close at the genetic level.
4other people; others — those besides the speaker or the parties concerned, often in contrast with oneself.
人の目を気にしすぎないほうがいい。
It's better not to worry too much about what others think.
人の物を勝手に使ってはいけない。
You mustn't use other people's things without asking.
人がどう思おうと、私はこの道を選ぶ。
No matter what others think, I'll choose this path.
5character; personality; nature — a person's disposition or moral qualities, as in expressions like 人がいい (good-natured).
彼は人がいいので、よく頼まれごとを引き受ける。
He's so good-natured that he often takes on favors people ask of him.
話してみて初めて彼女の人を知った。
It was only after talking with her that I came to know her true character.
肩書きより人で判断したい。
I'd rather judge by character than by titles.
6a capable or suitable person — someone with the ability or qualifications fit for a task or role; used in expressions like 人を得る (to find the right person).
この仕事を任せられる人がなかなか見つからない。
It's hard to find someone capable enough to entrust this job to.
彼こそチームを率いるにふさわしい人だ。
He's exactly the right person to lead the team.
人を得てこそ事業は成功する。
A venture succeeds only when the right people are in place.
7an adult; a grown-up — a fully mature person; used in expressions like 人になる (to grow into an adult).
彼もようやく一人前の人になった。
He has finally grown into a full-fledged adult.
もう人なんだから、自分で責任を取りなさい。
You're an adult now, so take responsibility yourself.
8a usage in which the speaker indirectly refers to themselves as 人, typically when reproaching or complaining; phrases like 人を…/人の… imply 'me' or 'my (feelings),' as in 人をばかにするな (don't make a fool of me).
人をばかにするのもいい加減にしてくれ。
Stop making a fool of me already.
人の気も知らないで、勝手なことを言う。
You say whatever you want without even understanding how I feel.