1To hurt or ache; to feel pain in part of the body. Also figuratively, to feel emotional pain or sorrow (心が痛む / 胸が痛む). An intransitive verb, usually written 痛む.
朝からずっと頭が痛む。
My head has been aching all morning.
古傷が天気の悪い日になると痛む。
My old injury aches on days with bad weather.
虫歯のせいで奥歯がずきずき痛んで眠れなかった。
My back tooth throbbed with pain from a cavity and I couldn't sleep.
被災地の映像を見るたびに胸が痛む。
My heart aches every time I see footage of the disaster area.
2To go bad, spoil, or deteriorate; (of food) to start to rot, (of objects) to get worn or damaged. An intransitive verb, usually written 傷む.
夏は食材が傷みやすいので、早めに使ってください。
Ingredients spoil easily in summer, so please use them up soon.
雨ざらしにしていた木の家具がすっかり傷んでしまった。
The wooden furniture left out in the rain has become completely damaged.
カラーリングを繰り返したせいで髪がひどく傷んでいる。
My hair is badly damaged from repeated dyeing.
桃は柔らかくて傷みやすい果物だ。
Peaches are soft fruit that bruise and spoil easily.