To blow (of the wind); air or wind moving and hitting things.
海から強い風が吹いている。
A strong wind is blowing from the sea.
窓を開けたら冷たい風が吹いてきた。
When I opened the window, a cold breeze blew in.
冬になると北風が激しく吹く。
In winter the north wind blows strongly.
To blow (one's breath); to breathe out — e.g. blowing on hot food, blowing out candles, or puffing.
熱いスープに息を吹いて冷ます。
Blow on the hot soup to cool it down.
彼女はロウソクを吹いて火を消した。
She blew out the candle.
赤ちゃんの頬にそっと息を吹く。
Gently blow on the baby's cheek.
To play a wind instrument or sound a whistle/trumpet — to blow into an instrument.
彼は休日にサックスを吹く。
He plays the saxophone on his days off.
小学校で子どもたちがリコーダーを吹いている。
Children at elementary school are playing recorders.
あのトランペット奏者は夜のライブでよく吹く。
That trumpet player often plays at night live shows.
To emit or spout (smoke, steam, fire, etc.) — to spew out or give off.
火山が黒い煙を吹いた。
The volcano emitted black smoke.
蒸気機関車は煙を勢いよく吹き上げながら走る。
The steam locomotive runs while forcefully spouting steam.
To sprout or put forth buds — used for plants producing new shoots.
春になって木の枝が芽を吹いた。
In spring the tree branches sprouted buds.
芽が吹き始めたので、もうすぐ花が咲くだろう。
Buds have begun to sprout, so the flowers will bloom soon.
To appear on a surface or become coated (e.g., powdery residue or rust forming on a surface).
古い陶器の表面に白い粉が吹いている。
A white powder has appeared on the surface of the old pottery.
冬は肌が乾燥して粉を吹くことがある。
In winter, skin can become dry and flake (literally 'blow powder').
Slang: to burst out laughing (to suddenly laugh aloud, unable to hold it in).
そのコントに思わず吹いた。
I couldn't help laughing at that sketch.
教室で彼の一言に吹きそうになったが、必死でこらえた。
I almost burst out laughing at his remark in class, but I held it in with all my might.
To brag or talk big — to exaggerate one's own achievements or boast (colloquial usage).
彼は昨日の勝利について大げさに吹いていた。
He was boasting exaggeratedly about yesterday's victory.
実力以上に吹くのはやめたほうがいい。
You'd better stop bragging beyond your real ability.
To smelt or mint — an older or technical usage referring to processing molten metal or minting coins.
かつてこの地域では銀を吹いて貨幣を作っていた。
In the past this region used to smelt silver to make coins.