To end; to be finished; to be exhausted (e.g., supplies running out).
遠征中に食料が果ててしまった。
During the expedition the food supplies ran out.
議論は長時間続いたが、結論が果てないままだった。
The discussion continued for a long time, but no conclusion was reached.
体力が果てて、もう歩けないと言った。
He said his strength was exhausted and he couldn't walk anymore.
To die; to perish (often literary or figurative).
戦場で多くの兵士が果てたという記録が残っている。
Records remain that many soldiers perished on the battlefield.
老いた木はやがて果てる運命にある。
Old trees are destined to perish eventually.
An augmentative/auxiliary use meaning 'to do utterly' or 'to be completely [something]'; often appears in compounds (e.g., 疲れ果てる).
彼は長時間働いて疲れ果てた。
He worked for a long time and was completely exhausted.
悩み尽き果てて、やっと決心がついた。
After worrying endlessly, I finally made up my mind.
資源を使い果てて、新しい方法を考えなければならなかった。
Having used up resources completely, we had to think of a new method.