Writing System

Learn about the Japanese writing system.

Hiragana (ひらがな)

Used for native Japanese words, grammar particles, and verb endings (okurigana). It has a cursive, rounded appearance.

Katakana (カタカナ)

Used primarily for foreign loanwords, scientific names, and emphasis (like italics). It has a sharp, angular appearance.

Kanji (漢字)

Used for meaning. Logographic characters adapted from Chinese.

Romaji (ローマ字)

Japanese sounds represented using the Latin alphabet. Primarily used for computer input and for non-Japanese speakers.

Kanji (漢字)KanaRomaji (ローマ字)
わたしwatashi
ねこneko
さくらsakura
-コーヒーkōhī
Odoriji (踊り字)

Iteration marks used to repeat the preceding character. The most common one is , which repeats the Kanji before it. For example, 人々 is read as hitobito (people), where repeats the Kanji (hito).

hitobito
tokidoki
hibi
iroiro
Furigana/Ruby (振り仮名)

Small Hiragana or Katakana placed above or beside Kanji to show how to read them.

Examples

  • 私は日本の学生です。

    Watashi wa Nihon no gakusei desu.
Writing Variations

Some words can be written in multiple forms depending on the context or style.

Thank you:
Coffee: